SPEECH, LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION

GIVING CHILDREN THE BEST POSSIBLE START IN LIFE

NHS EDUCATION FOR SCOTLAND

WHAT ARE SPEECH, LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION NEEDS?

Speech, language and communication needs (SLCN) is an umbrella term. Children with SLCN may have difficulty with many aspects of communication. These can include difficulties with fluency, forming sounds and words, formulating sentences, understanding what others say and using language socially.

Speech, Language and Communication Needs can occur in childhood as primary difficulties with speech, language and communication or secondary to other developmental conditions such as autism. In some cases the cause of a child’s SLCN is unknown.

SLCN are some of the most common childhood disabilities.

PERSISTENT SLCN

7% of children aged about five years have specific speech, language and communication impairment and a further 1.8% have SLCN linked to other conditions, such as learning disability, cerebral palsy and autism spectrum disorders.

8.8%

IN TOTAL

 

DELAYED LANGUAGE

There is a group of children who are starting school with SLCN who have poor or delayed language skills.  These children may have a small vocabulary, be just starting to join words together, find it hard to listen and may sound like a much younger child. With the right support, they may catch up with their peers. In some areas, particularly areas of social disadvantage, this group may be up to 50% of children.

UP TO

OF CHILDREN

50%

UNTREATED SLCN

Speech, language and communication needs can have a direct impact on children’s development and educational outcomes, health and wellbeing. If left unaddressed, they can adversely affect children across their life span. For example, as many as 60% of young offenders and 88% of long-term unemployed young men have been found to have SLCN. (Bryan et al 2009).

YOUNG

LONG-TERM

60%

88%

 

OFFENDERS

UNEMPLOYED

ATTENTION AND LISTENING

Children may have difficulties sharing their attention with others or listening to what has been said to them.  They may struggle to concentrate on a game or activity for even a short period of time, flitting from one task to another without completing anything.

PLAY AND INTERACTION

Children may have difficulty interacting with others or with social communication skills. They may struggle to use their language skills effectively to have conversations, play and interact socially with others. This can include poor eye-contact, difficulties taking turns in a conversation, difficulties keeping to the topic of conversation and showing awareness of the listener.

RECEPTIVE LANGUAGE

Children may struggle to understand and make sense of words that they hear. They may struggle to follow instructions and make sense of the language they hear around them.

EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE

Children may find it difficult to express their ideas, wants or feelings. They may have a small vocabulary for their age or have difficulty building up sentences and using correct grammar.

SPEECH

Children may have speech which is difficult to understand which might include difficulty in making different sounds. They may have difficulty discriminating between speech sounds.

FLUENCY

Stammering or stuttering where sounds or words are repeated or may be difficult to produce without effort. Children might have hesitations in their speech and may prolong or repeat sounds and parts of words or sentences. They may struggle to get their words out at all. Stammering can emerge at any childhood stage, but most commonly between the ages of 2 and 5 years.

VOICE

Voice problems i.e. hoarse voice or persistent voice loss. An unusual and persistently harsh or unusal voice quality.

 

RESOURCES

NHS Education for Scotland

102 Westport

Edinburgh

EH3 9DN

www.nes.scot.nhs.uk

OTHER LINKS

  • NES website
  • The Portal

©  NHS Education for Scotland 2018. You can copy or reproduce the information in this document for use within NHSScotland and for non-commercial educational purposes.  Use of this document for commercial purposes is permitted only with the written permission of NES.